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Urine Testing
      for Drugs
      of Abuse

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES  Public Health Service  Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
Urine Testing for
Drugs of Abuse

Editors:
Richard L. Hawks, Ph.D.
C. Nora Chiang, Ph.D.
Division of Preclinical Research
National Institute on Drug Abuse

NIDA Research Monograph 73
1986

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration

National Institute on Drug Abuse
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, Maryland
NIDA Research Monographs are prepared by the research divisions of the
National lnstitute on Drug Abuse and published by its Office of Science. The
primary objective of the series is to provide critical reviews of research problem
areas and techniques, the content of state-of-the-art conferences, and
integrative research reviews. Its dual publication emphasis is rapid and targeted
dissemination to the scientific and professional community.

 Editorial Advisors

 MARTIN W. ADLER, Ph. D.                        SIDNEY COHEN, M.D.
  Temple University of Medicine                 Los Angeles, California
  Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 SYDNEY ARCHER, Ph.D.                           MARY L. JACOBSON
   Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute             National Federation of Parents for
   Troy, New York                               Drug Free Youth
 RICHARD E. BELLEVILLE, Ph.D.                   Omaha, Nebraska
   NB Associates, Health Sciences
   Rockville, Maryland                          REESE T. JONES, M.D.
 KARST J. BESTEMAN                               Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute
  Alcohol and Drug Problems Association          San Francisco, California
  of North America
  Washington, D.C.                              DENISE KANDEL, Ph.D
 GILBERT J. BOTVIN, Ph.D.                        College of Physicians and Surgeons of
  Cornell University Medical College             Columbia University
  New York, New York                             New York, New York

 JOSEPH V. BRADY, Ph. D.
 The Johns Hopkins University School of         HERBERT KLEBER, M.D.
 Medicine                                        Yale University School of Medicine
 Baltimore, Maryland                             New Haven, Connecticut

 THEODORE J. FCICERO, Ph. D.
 Washington University School of                RICHARD RUSSO
 Medicine                                        New Jersey State Department of Health
 St. Louis, Missouri                             Trenton, New Jersey

NIDA Research Monograph Series

CHARLES R. SCHUSTER, Ph.D.
  Director, NIDA

JEAN PAUL SMITH, Ph.D.
  Acting Associate Director for Science, NIDA
  Acting Editor

Parklawn Building, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20857
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This monograph is the result of a collaborative effort by the scientists noted
as chapter authors, all of whom made extensive contributions to the various
chapters in this monograph in addition to the ones for which they were the
principal author. In addition, several other individuals in the scientific
community reviewed the manuscript in preparation and made valuable
contributions to the final text. These reviewers include Rodger and Ruth
Foltz, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City;
Bryan Finkle, Genentech Corporation, South San Francisco; Arthur McBay,
Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, University of North Carolina; and
Michael Peat, ChemWest Analytical I.aboratory, Sacramento.

COPYRIGHT STATUS
The National Institute on Drug Abuse has obtained permission from the
copyright holders to reproduce certain previously published material as noted
in the text. Further reproduction of this copyrighted material is permitted
only as part of a reprinting of the entire publication or chapter. For any
other use, the copyright holder's permission is required. All other material in
this volume except quoted passages from copyrighted sources is in the public
domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from the Institute
or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated.

Opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the opinions or official policy of the National Institute on
Drug Abuse or any other part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services.

The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial
product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this
publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context
of the studies reported herein.

DHHS Publication No. (ADM)87-1481
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
Printed 1986 Reprinted 1987

NIDA Research Monographs are indexed in the Index Medicus. They are
selectively included in the coverage of American Statistics Index,
BioSciences Information Service, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents,
Psychological Abstracts, and Psychopharmacology Abstracts.

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